{"id":58,"date":"2008-07-12T02:31:23","date_gmt":"2008-07-12T02:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tameraktas.com\/wptest\/wordpress\/2008\/05\/24\/kothullanma-kuramy-reinforcement-theory\/"},"modified":"2023-04-01T20:13:42","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T20:13:42","slug":"kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html","title":{"rendered":"Reinforcement Theory"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Reinforcement Theory<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>J. B. Watson\u2019a g\u00f6re, insanlar ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca belirli bir uyar\u0131c\u0131ya az \u00e7ok kestirilebilir bir bi\u00e7imde tepki g\u00f6stermeye ko\u015fullanmaktad\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re, \u00e7evre, yeteri kadar kontrol edilebildi\u011fi taktirde psikolo\u011fun bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu istedi\u011fi gibi bir yeti\u015fkin haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunun, \u00e7ocu\u011fun kal\u0131tsal yetenekleri, zekas\u0131 ya da ailesinin etkisini tamamen g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek yap\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir (Burger, 2006; 513).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ko\u015fullanma kuram\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131mda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cklasik ko\u015fullanma\u201d, ikincisi ise \u201cedimsel ko\u015fullanma\u201dd\u0131r. Klasik ko\u015fullama, I. Pavlov\u2019un k\u00f6peklerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi laboratuvar deneylerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayan\u0131rken, edimsel ko\u015fullama, E. Thorndike\u2019in kediler \u00fczerinde ve B. F. Skinner\u2019in ise fareler \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Pavlov\u2019un Klasik (Tepkisel) Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rus fizyolog Ivan Pavlov, hayvanlar\u0131n \u00e7evrelerindeki uyar\u0131c\u0131lara tepki vermeyi \u00f6\u011frenebileceklerini, bunun i\u00e7in uyar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden tepki g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olaylarla birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcrece Klasik (tepkisel) Ko\u015fullanma ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir (Burger, 2006; 511).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kurama g\u00f6re klasik ko\u015fullanma, zaten var olan bir uyar\u0131c\u0131 ili\u015fkisiyle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Klasik ko\u015fullanma deneylerinde Pavlov, uyar\u0131c\u0131-tepki ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7in yemek ve salya salg\u0131lama ikilisini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Laboratuvar\u0131ndaki a\u00e7 k\u00f6peklere et tozu vermi\u015f (uyar\u0131c\u0131) ve salya salg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (tepki) g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Pavlov et tozuna ko\u015fulsuz uyar\u0131c\u0131, salya salg\u0131lamas\u0131na da ko\u015fulsuz tepki ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Sonra Pavlov ko\u015fulsuz uyar\u0131c\u0131y\u0131, yeni, ko\u015fullu bir uyar\u0131c\u0131yla birlikte kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6peklere et tozunu her g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde bir zile basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Et tozunu ve zil sesini birka\u00e7 kez birlikte kulland\u0131ktan sonra Pavlov, et tozu vermeden sadece zile basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6pekler zil sesini duyduklar\u0131nda, et tozu verilmese de salya salg\u0131lamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Burger, 2006; 517).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>John B. Watson klasik ko\u015fullanmayla, bir ki\u015finin duygular\u0131n\u0131n da kontrol edilebilece\u011fine inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Albert isimli deneyiyle olduk\u00e7a tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Albert isimli bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa klasik ko\u015fullanma uygulanarak farelere kar\u015f\u0131 korku duymas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re klasik \u015fartlanma ile Albert\u2019in duygular\u0131 kontrol edilerek, onun belli korku ve tepkileri \u00f6\u011frenmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, sonras\u0131nda ise bu duygular\u0131 d\u00fczeltilerek tekrar eski haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Watson\u2019a g\u00f6re insanlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7o\u011fu korkunun temelinde \u015fartlanma bulunmaktad\u0131r. (Miller ve Shelly, 2007; 70-71).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Uyar\u0131c\u0131lar ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olaylar genelde \u00e7evremizdeki ba\u015fka \u015feylerle beraber rastgele e\u015fle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 etkileyen uyar\u0131c\u0131-tepki ili\u015fkilerinin \u00e7o\u011fundan haberdar olmamaktay\u0131z. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yiyecek, giysi, arkada\u015f se\u00e7imimizin bile bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le belirlenece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir (Burger, 2006; 518).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pavlov k\u00f6peklerine sadece zil sesi vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; k\u00f6pekler gittik\u00e7e daha az salya salg\u0131lamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve en sonunda salg\u0131lamay\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ko\u015fullu uyar\u0131c\u0131-tepki ili\u015fkisinin dereceli bir \u015fekilde ortadan kaybolmas\u0131na &#8220;s\u00f6nme&#8221; ad\u0131 verilir (Burger, 2006; 518).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Belirli bir uyar\u0131c\u0131ya ko\u015fullanan tepki, ilk uyar\u0131c\u0131ya benzer di\u011fer uyar\u0131c\u0131lar verildi\u011finde de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa bu duruma &#8220;genelleme&#8221; ad\u0131 verilir. Genelleme sayesinde daha \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yeni uyar\u0131c\u0131lara, daha \u00f6nceden \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz uyar\u0131c\u0131lara benzerlik derecesine g\u00f6re tepkide bulunuruz. Ses, dokunma, koku, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, renk, tat gibi de\u011fi\u015fik uyar\u0131c\u0131larla yap\u0131lan denemeler, genelleme ilkesinin duyu organlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir (C\u00fccelo\u011flu, 2008; 142).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8220;Ay\u0131rt etme&#8221; ise, genellemenin bir anlamda kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda onu tamamlayan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Genelleme benzerliklere yap\u0131lan bir tepkidir, ay\u0131rt etme ise farkl\u0131l\u0131klara yap\u0131lan bir tepkiyi ifade eder. Se\u00e7ici peki\u015ftirme ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemleriyle ay\u0131rt etme tepkisi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir \u00e7ocuk k\u00f6pek taraf\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00f6nce b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6peklerden korkmaya ba\u015flar; bu a\u015famada bir genelleme mevcuttur. Bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00e7ocuk yaln\u0131zca kendisini \u0131s\u0131ran t\u00fcrden sahipsiz k\u00f6peklerden korkmaya ve di\u011fer ev k\u00f6peklerinden korkmamaya ba\u015flar; bu a\u015famada ay\u0131rt etme ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r (C\u00fccelo\u011flu, 2008; 143).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Edimsel (i\u015flemsel) Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pavlov\u2019un Rusya\u2019da klasik ko\u015fullanma deneyleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, Amerikal\u0131 psikologlar da ili\u015fki arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frenme \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re Edward Thorndike kedileri \u201cbulmaca kutular\u0131\u201dna koyuyordu. Kutudan ka\u00e7\u0131p bal\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in a\u00e7 kedilerin birtak\u0131m eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi gerekiyordu. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden kediler \u00f6d\u00fcl almak i\u00e7in ne yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi. Bu g\u00f6zlemler Thorndike\u2019in (1911) &#8220;etki yasas\u0131&#8221;n\u0131 form\u00fclle\u015ftirmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Yani, doyurucu sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7an davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n tekrar edilmesi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar, b\u00f6yle bir sonuca yol a\u00e7m\u0131yorsa tekrar edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131r (Burger, 2006; 519).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Uyaran-tepki ko\u015fullanmas\u0131nda, (\u201czilin \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131-a\u011fz\u0131n sulanmas\u0131\u201d \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi) ko\u015fullu uyaranlar davran\u0131\u015ftan (ko\u015fullu tepki) \u00f6nce gelmekte, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 canland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ama Skinner\u2019e g\u00f6re bu gibi davran\u0131\u015flar daha \u00e7ok tepkilerle (refleks) ilgilidir. Oysa davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar olup i\u015flemsel davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Skinner\u2019in deney odas\u0131nda fareler ve g\u00fcvercinlerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneylerde, bir kola bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman yiyecek bulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen bir farenin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemsel bir davran\u0131\u015fa, farenin kola basmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesi de i\u015flemsel ko\u015fullanmaya \u00f6rnektir. \u0130\u015flemsel denmesinin nedeni, hayvan\u0131n \u00e7evre \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir \u201ci\u015flemde\u201d bulunarak peki\u015ftirme elde edebilmesidir. Uyaran-tepki ko\u015fullanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nce \u00e7evreden bir uyaran gelmekte, sonra bir tepki do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Buradaysa \u00f6rgenlik \u00f6nce bir davran\u0131\u015fta bulunarak \u00e7evrede de\u011fi\u015fikliklere yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r (Onaran, 1981, 262).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Edimsel ko\u015fullanma, zaten var olan bir uyar\u0131c\u0131-tepki ili\u015fkisiyle ba\u015flayan klasik ko\u015fullanmadan farkl\u0131 olarak, organizman\u0131n (insan ya da hayvan) kendili\u011finden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar \u00fczerinden ba\u015flar (Burger, 2006, 520). Edimsel ko\u015fullanman\u0131n klasik ko\u015fullanmadan temel fark\u0131 (ve dezavantajlar\u0131ndan biri), davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ancak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra peki\u015ftirilebilmesidir.<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Verplanck 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir deneyde \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileriyle onlar\u0131n haberleri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir deney ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re \u00f6\u011frenciler deneyden habersiz \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131yla konu\u015fmu\u015flar ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencilerin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 belirli t\u00fcr c\u00fcmleleri peki\u015ftirmi\u015f, di\u011fer c\u00fcmleleri peki\u015ftirmemi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011frenci, \u201cKanaat\u0131mca,\u201d \u201c\u00d6yle zannediyorum ki,\u201d \u201cBana \u00f6yle geliyor ki,\u201d \u015feklinde ba\u015flayan c\u00fcmleler kulland\u0131klar\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u201cEvet hakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z,&#8221; \u201cBana da \u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor,\u201d \u201cGer\u00e7ekten dedi\u011fin gibi,\u201d \u015feklinde cevaplarla \u00f6\u011frencilerin ifadelerini peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Peki\u015ftirme devresinden sonraki s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme devresinde ifadelerden sonra ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylememi\u015ftir, sessiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peki\u015ftirme devresinde deneklerin ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirten ifadelerinde anlaml\u0131 bir artma olmu\u015f, s\u00f6nme devresinde ise ayn\u0131 tip ifadelerde bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak bu sonu\u00e7lar, \u00f6\u011frencilerin deneyin fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fu durumlarda g\u00f6zlenmemi\u015ftir (C\u00fccelo\u011flu, 2008; 153).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Edimsel ko\u015fullanma, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen sonu\u00e7larla ilgilenir. Ard\u0131ndan gelen bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran sonuca peki\u015ftirme, azaltana ise cezaland\u0131rma denir. Bir sonucun peki\u015ftirici ya da cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olup olmamas\u0131 ki\u015fiye ve duruma g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. E\u011fer a\u00e7san\u0131z, \u00e7ilekli dondurma bir peki\u015ftire\u00e7 olabilir; ancak \u00e7ilekli dondurmay\u0131 sevmiyorsan\u0131z ya da hastaysan\u0131z dondurma ceza i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr (Burger, 2006; 520).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Psikologlar bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in iki peki\u015ftirme t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Olumlu peki\u015ftirme ile davran\u0131\u015f art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ard\u0131ndan bir \u00f6d\u00fcl gelmektedir. D\u00fc\u011fmeye rastgele her bast\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendilerine yiyecek verilen fareler, d\u00fc\u011fmeye daha fazla basmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Bir s\u0131nava \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p A alan \u00f6\u011frenciler, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla bundan sonraki s\u0131navlarda da \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r (Burger, 2006, 521).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz peki\u015ftire\u00e7 kullanarak, yani davran\u0131\u015f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ho\u015f olmayan uyar\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131p azaltarak art\u0131rabiliriz. Bir ipi \u00e7ektiklerinde elektrik \u015fokunun bitti\u011fini anlayan fareler, ipi \u00e7ekmeyi daha \u00e7abuk \u00f6\u011frenecektir. Birka\u00e7 dakika dinlendiklerinde ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6ren insanlar, bir s\u00fcre sonra gev\u015femeyi \u00f6\u011frenecektir (Burger, 2006, 521).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0130stenen davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, istenmedik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda da edimsel ko\u015fulland\u0131rmada iki y\u00f6ntem vard\u0131r. En etkili y\u00f6ntem peki\u015ftireci ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u00f6nmesine izin vermektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00f6\u011fretmen s\u0131n\u0131fta yaramazl\u0131k yapan bir \u00f6\u011frenciyi herkesin \u00f6n\u00fcnde azarlar. Asl\u0131nda bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareket, s\u0131n\u0131fta di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerin g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015fmesine ve \u00f6\u011frencinin dikkat oda\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131na neden olmakta; b\u00f6ylece bu durum, yaramazl\u0131k yapan \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7in bir cezadan \u00e7ok peki\u015ftirme olmaktad\u0131r. Bilin\u00e7li bir \u00f6\u011fretmen sorun \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7ocu\u011fu disipline g\u00f6ndererek peki\u015ftireci ortadan kald\u0131rabilir (Burger, 2006; 521).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Di\u011fer bir y\u00f6ntem de istenmedik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yok edilmesi i\u00e7in cezaland\u0131rmay\u0131 kullanmakt\u0131r. Kuramsal olarak ard\u0131ndan olumsuz bir uyar\u0131c\u0131 geldi\u011finde (elektrik \u015foku vermek) ya da olumlu uyar\u0131c\u0131 ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (oyuncaklar\u0131 elinden almak) davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azal\u0131r. Ancak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar baz\u0131 nedenlerden dolay\u0131, cezaland\u0131rman\u0131n etkilili\u011finin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir (Burger, 2006; 521).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00d6ncelikle, cezaland\u0131rma uygun davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmez, sadece istenmedik davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak, etkili olabilmesi i\u00e7in cezan\u0131n an\u0131nda ve tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, cezaland\u0131rman\u0131n baz\u0131 olumsuz yan etkileri vard\u0131r. Anne babalar ve terapistler belirli bir tepkiyi bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7ocuk, ba\u015fka davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da cezayla ili\u015fkilendirebilir. Klasik ko\u015fullanman\u0131n da arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, cezaland\u0131rma ile olu\u015fan olumsuz duygular cezaland\u0131rmay\u0131 yapan insanla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015febilir. (Yani anne-babalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6v\u00fclen \u00e7ocuklar, anne babalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fclmenin ac\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirebilir). Bir ba\u015fka yan etki de istenmedik davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6rnek alma yoluyla da \u00f6\u011frenilebilmesidir (\u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00f6v\u00fclen \u00e7ocuklar daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fun s\u00fcrece fiziksel sald\u0131rganl\u0131k g\u00f6stermenin kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenebilir). Sonu\u00e7 olarak bu t\u00fcr yan etkileri nedeniyle cezaland\u0131rma, daha \u00e7ok istenmedik bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine bast\u0131rmak ve bu s\u0131rada istenen, uyumlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 peki\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir (Burger, 2006; 522).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Peki\u015ftirecin, davran\u0131\u015f \u00fczerinde etkili olabilmesi bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Aral\u0131kl\u0131 peki\u015ftirme t\u00fcrlerine \u201cpeki\u015ftirme tarifeleri\u201d ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Aral\u0131kl\u0131 peki\u015ftirme temelde iki boyut \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir: 1. Peki\u015ftirmeler aras\u0131ndaki aral\u0131k, ya davran\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 ya da ge\u00e7en zamana g\u00f6re saptan\u0131r. 2. Aral\u0131klar ya d\u00fczenli ya da d\u00fczensiz bir bi\u00e7imde olur. \u0130ki temel boyutun her biri kendi i\u00e7inde iki se\u00e7enek g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden, ikisinin bir araya gelmesinden d\u00f6rt tip aral\u0131kl\u0131 peki\u015ftirme t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar (C\u00fccelo\u011flu, 2008; 149).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Her peki\u015ftirme tarifesi kendine uygun davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleri geli\u015ftirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin &#8220;de\u011fi\u015fmez zaman aral\u0131kl\u0131&#8221; tarife uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda peki\u015ftirme zaman\u0131 yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a faaliyet artmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6\u011frencilerin \u00e7o\u011funun ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imleri de\u011fi\u015fmez aral\u0131kl\u0131 tarifeyi hat\u0131rlat\u0131r; s\u0131nav g\u00fcn\u00fc gelinceye kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yoktur, s\u0131nav g\u00fcn\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki gece b\u00fct\u00fcn gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00f6b\u00fcr s\u0131nava kadar yine kitap ve notlar bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fen aral\u0131kl\u0131 tarifeler ise s\u00fcrekli devam eden bir davran\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterirler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her an i\u00e7in, peki\u015ftirme olabilir. \u00d6\u011frencilerin s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in, \u00f6\u011fretmen s\u00f6mestr i\u00e7inde be\u015f s\u0131nav yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler, ancak s\u0131navlar\u0131 ne zaman yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamazsa \u00f6\u011frenciler s\u00fcrekli haz\u0131r olmak zorunda kal\u0131rlar. Bal\u0131k tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi de bu durumdad\u0131r; bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne zaman gelece\u011fini bilmedi\u011finden s\u00fcrekli uyan\u0131k olmak zorundad\u0131r. Oranl\u0131 tarifeler, aral\u0131kl\u0131 tarifelerin aksine, y\u00fcksek ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan davran\u0131\u015flar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar ve bu \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 sanayide ve kumar gazinolar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan peki\u015ftirme tarifelerini olu\u015ftururlar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7isine par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fccret veren i\u015fveren, bu sistemi kullanmaktad\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fen oran tarifesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, davran\u0131\u015f genellikle y\u00fcksek frekansta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve s\u00f6nmeye kar\u015f\u0131 son derece diren\u00e7lidir; kumar gazinolar\u0131ndaki makinelerde en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan sistem budur (C\u00fccelo\u011flu, 2008; 149-150).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tepkisel ko\u015fullanma yoluyla \u00f6\u011frenilen davran\u0131\u015flar, bizim i\u00e7in \u00e7evreye uyum s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6nemli i\u015flevleri olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bizi \u00e7evreye kar\u015f\u0131 edilgen b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n edimsel (edimsel olarak ko\u015fullanan) davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir; belirli sonu\u00e7lara ve ama\u00e7lara ula\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, i\u015fe gitmek, konu\u015fmak, okumak, yazmak, problem \u00e7\u00f6zmek, \u00e7evremizde sayg\u0131n bir ki\u015fi olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak v.b. ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc edimsel ko\u015fullanma yoluyla \u00f6\u011frenilen edimsel davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n edimsel bir davran\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlaman\u0131n en kolay yolu, o davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 neden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 anlamakt\u0131r. E\u011fer, belirli bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 belirli bir amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131yorsak o davran\u0131\u015f edimsel bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Uzun\u00f6z, 2002; 230).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Premack (1959), peki\u015ftire\u00e7 olarak uyar\u0131c\u0131 yerine faaliyeti kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re bir organizman\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k yapageldi\u011fi bir hareket, organizman\u0131n daha seyrek olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir faaliyet i\u00e7in peki\u015ftire\u00e7 r\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc oynar. Premack\u2019a g\u00f6re, her organizman\u0131n bir peki\u015ftire\u00e7ler hiyerar\u015fisi vard\u0131r. Bu hiyerar\u015fi i\u00e7inde yer alan her davran\u0131\u015f, kendinden \u00fcst bir faaliyet taraf\u0131ndan peki\u015ftirilebilir ve kendinden daha alt d\u00fczeylerdeki faaliyetler i\u00e7in bir peki\u015ftire\u00e7 rol\u00fc oynar. Bu ikinci ifade &#8220;Premack \u0130lkesi&#8221; olarak bilinir. Premack ilkesi anne ve babalar\u0131n uzun zamand\u0131r uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemi bilimsel olarak ifade etmi\u015ftir. O\u011fluna &#8220;Ev \u00f6devini bitir, sonra sinemaya gidebilirsin!&#8221; diyen baba Premack ilkesini kullanmaktad\u0131r (C\u00fccelo\u011fu, 2008; 157).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Skinner, fareler \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullanma deneylerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan toplumsal \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlara vararak, mutlulu\u011fu \u201cedimsel peki\u015ftirmenin bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bize mutluluk veren \u015feyler bizi peki\u015ftiren \u015feylerdir. Ona g\u00f6re, bir \u015feyi yapmay\u0131 i\u00e7sel ahlaki kararlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir sonu olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcrce se\u00e7meyiz, \u00e7evresel beklentilere g\u00f6re bir tepki olarak davran\u0131r\u0131z (Burger, 2006; 516).<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0130nsan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imlendirilmesinde bireyin i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleri ile k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr belirli t\u00fcrden davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 istenen, uygun, be\u011fenilen davran\u0131\u015flar olarak peki\u015ftirir; baz\u0131 t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ise yerer, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lar ve b\u00f6ylece zamanla s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece k\u00fclt\u00fcr son derece kudretli ve yayg\u0131n bir sosyal peki\u015ftirme d\u00fczeni getirir (C\u00fccelo\u011flu, 2008; 154).<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/tayfun-topaloglu.html\/\"><strong>Tayfun Topalo\u011flu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/tayfun-topaloglu-yazilari\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>All Posts by the Author<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/referans-kitaplar-ve-makaleler.html\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> References<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kCJRAnRjgo\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/motivasyon-kuramina-giris.html\/\">Introduction to Motivation Theory<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Motivasyon Kuram\u0131na Giri\u015f&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/motivasyon-kuramina-giris.html\/embed#?secret=3gnMgh1K5s#?secret=kCJRAnRjgo\" data-secret=\"kCJRAnRjgo\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Hub3Nh3LHj\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/motivasyon-teorileri.html\/\">Motivation (Theories) Theories<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Motivasyon (Teorileri) Kuramlar\u0131&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/motivasyon-teorileri.html\/embed#?secret=POZmLpZgqI#?secret=Hub3Nh3LHj\" data-secret=\"Hub3Nh3LHj\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EuTuDYQbqX\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/murrayin-ogrenilmis-gereksinimler-kurami-manifest-needs.html\/\">Murray&#039;s Learned Needs Theory (Manifest Needs)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Murray&#8217;in \u00d6\u011frenilmi\u015f Gereksinimler Kuram\u0131 (Manifest Needs)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/murrayin-ogrenilmis-gereksinimler-kurami-manifest-needs.html\/embed#?secret=1TRb7ZHTbY#?secret=EuTuDYQbqX\" data-secret=\"EuTuDYQbqX\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"u060WLHscj\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/maslowun-gereksinimler-hiyerarsisi-kurami-hierarchy-of-needs.html\/\">Maslow&#039;s Hierarchy of Needs Theory<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Maslow&#8217;un Gereksinimler Hiyerar\u015fisi Kuram\u0131 (Hierarchy of Needs)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/maslowun-gereksinimler-hiyerarsisi-kurami-hierarchy-of-needs.html\/embed#?secret=S3kuZGvCa6#?secret=u060WLHscj\" data-secret=\"u060WLHscj\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jDiVsfkK8w\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/alderferin-e-r-g-kurami-existence-relatedness-growth-theory.html\/\">Alderfer&#039;s ERG Theory (Existence-Relatedness-Growth Theory)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Alderfer&#8217;in E.R.G. Kuram\u0131 (Existence-Relatedness-Growth Theory)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/alderferin-e-r-g-kurami-existence-relatedness-growth-theory.html\/embed#?secret=yIkpio7YZR#?secret=jDiVsfkK8w\" data-secret=\"jDiVsfkK8w\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"RpLgfMQHII\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/herzbergin-iki-faktor-kurami-two-factor-theory.html\/\">Herzberg&#039;s Two-Factor Theory<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Herzberg&#8217;in \u0130ki-Fakt\u00f6r Kuram\u0131 (Two-Factor Theory)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/herzbergin-iki-faktor-kurami-two-factor-theory.html\/embed#?secret=qSO52B128F#?secret=RpLgfMQHII\" data-secret=\"RpLgfMQHII\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gcIPhgoLsL\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/mcclellandin-gereksinimler-kurami-mcclellands-theory-of-needs.html\/\">McClelland&#039;s Theory of Needs<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;McClelland&#8217;\u0131n Gereksinimler Kuram\u0131 (McClelland&#8217;s Theory of Needs)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/mcclellandin-gereksinimler-kurami-mcclellands-theory-of-needs.html\/embed#?secret=DIVQ7Y6Bfg#?secret=gcIPhgoLsL\" data-secret=\"gcIPhgoLsL\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"P3OfWYE6qq\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/kapsam-kuramlarinin-karsilastirilmasi.html\/\">Comparison of Scope Theories<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Kapsam Kuramlar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kapsam-kuramlarinin-karsilastirilmasi.html\/embed#?secret=drCC8v4Ccd#?secret=P3OfWYE6qq\" data-secret=\"P3OfWYE6qq\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jTrwzTZFTB\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/beklenti-kurami-expectancy-theory.html\/\">Expectancy Theory<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Beklenti Kuram\u0131 (Expectancy Theory)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/beklenti-kurami-expectancy-theory.html\/embed#?secret=1FDbXIAL0N#?secret=jTrwzTZFTB\" data-secret=\"jTrwzTZFTB\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"9YNoxniw2g\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/adamsin-odul-adaleti-ve-esitligi-kurami-equity-theory.html\/\">Adams&#039; Equity Theory<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Adams&#8217;\u0131n \u00d6d\u00fcl Adaleti ve E\u015fitli\u011fi Kuram\u0131 (Equity Theory)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/adamsin-odul-adaleti-ve-esitligi-kurami-equity-theory.html\/embed#?secret=NGjPnn3g4M#?secret=9YNoxniw2g\" data-secret=\"9YNoxniw2g\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"NVDjimtcIr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/lockeun-amac-saptama-kurami-goal-setting-theory.html\/\">Locke&#039;s Goal Setting Theory<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Locke&#8217;un Ama\u00e7 Saptama Kuram\u0131 (Goal Setting Theory)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/lockeun-amac-saptama-kurami-goal-setting-theory.html\/embed#?secret=lc37LJP1Su#?secret=NVDjimtcIr\" data-secret=\"NVDjimtcIr\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"iGDwqiGCf2\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\/\">Reinforcement Theory<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\/embed#?secret=L6B5pOgsEJ#?secret=iGDwqiGCf2\" data-secret=\"iGDwqiGCf2\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"JhKrXzT3sa\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/nedensellik-yuklemeatfetme-kurami-attribution-theory.html\/\">Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme \/ Atfetme Kuram\u0131 (Attribution Theory)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme \/ Atfetme Kuram\u0131 (Attribution Theory)&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/nedensellik-yuklemeatfetme-kurami-attribution-theory.html\/embed#?secret=HbByC3fhlk#?secret=JhKrXzT3sa\" data-secret=\"JhKrXzT3sa\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kxXoPDaXtc\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/1-heiderin-nedensellik-yukleme-kurami.html\/\">Heider&#8217;in Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme Kuram\u0131<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Heider&#8217;in Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme Kuram\u0131&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/1-heiderin-nedensellik-yukleme-kurami.html\/embed#?secret=1tDZQ7Pi7m#?secret=kxXoPDaXtc\" data-secret=\"kxXoPDaXtc\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"UomqEsDiw1\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/2-nedensellik-yukleme-sureci.html\/\">Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme S\u00fcreci<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme S\u00fcreci&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/2-nedensellik-yukleme-sureci.html\/embed#?secret=lrBUgqtazo#?secret=UomqEsDiw1\" data-secret=\"UomqEsDiw1\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"KCH5OuHpec\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/3-weinerin-nedensellik-basari-kurami.html\/\">Weiner&#8217;in Nedensellik Ba\u015far\u0131 Kuram\u0131<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Weiner&#8217;in Nedensellik Ba\u015far\u0131 Kuram\u0131&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/3-weinerin-nedensellik-basari-kurami.html\/embed#?secret=F9CKpr1Etj#?secret=KCH5OuHpec\" data-secret=\"KCH5OuHpec\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"LUsm2nDdfr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/4-basari-gudusu-ve-nedensellik-yukleme-iliskisi.html\/\">Ba\u015far\u0131 G\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fc ve Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Ba\u015far\u0131 G\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fc ve Nedensellik Y\u00fckleme \u0130li\u015fkisi&#8221; &#8212; E-Motivasyon\" src=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/4-basari-gudusu-ve-nedensellik-yukleme-iliskisi.html\/embed#?secret=mjCBBG8Yly#?secret=LUsm2nDdfr\" data-secret=\"LUsm2nDdfr\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory) J. B. Watson\u2019a g\u00f6re, insanlar ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca belirli bir uyar\u0131c\u0131ya az \u00e7ok [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13786,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1489],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-motivasyon-teorileri"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory) | E-Motivasyon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)... Ko\u015fullanma kuram\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131mda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cklasik ko\u015fullanma\u201d, ikincisi ise \u201cedimsel ko\u015fullanma\u201dd\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory) | E-Motivasyon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)... Ko\u015fullanma kuram\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131mda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cklasik ko\u015fullanma\u201d, ikincisi ise \u201cedimsel ko\u015fullanma\u201dd\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"E-Motivasyon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2008-07-12T02:31:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-01T20:13:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/e-motivasyon.net_.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"E-Motivasyon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@emotivasyon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@emotivasyon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"E-Motivasyon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"E-Motivasyon\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/person\/6abb0d3573b2924b2756f70b70156153\"},\"headline\":\"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)\",\"datePublished\":\"2008-07-12T02:31:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-01T20:13:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\"},\"wordCount\":2796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Motivasyon Teorileri\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\",\"name\":\"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory) | E-Motivasyon\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2008-07-12T02:31:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-01T20:13:42+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)... Ko\u015fullanma kuram\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131mda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cklasik ko\u015fullanma\u201d, ikincisi ise \u201cedimsel ko\u015fullanma\u201dd\u0131r.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ana Sayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/\",\"name\":\"E-Motivasyon\",\"description\":\"Motivasyon Adresin\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"E-Motivasyon\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#organization\",\"name\":\"e-motivasyon.net\",\"alternateName\":\"E-Motivasyon\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/e-motivasyon.net_.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/e-motivasyon.net_.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"e-motivasyon.net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/emotivasyon\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/person\/6abb0d3573b2924b2756f70b70156153\",\"name\":\"E-Motivasyon\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e0f2162b1b5580c030e61aaa35cef0f7f661d0aa2c376c3f53d8cb3834c39eaa?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e0f2162b1b5580c030e61aaa35cef0f7f661d0aa2c376c3f53d8cb3834c39eaa?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"E-Motivasyon\"},\"description\":\"E-Motivasyon Edit\u00f6r\u00fc\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/e_motivasyon\/\",\"https:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/emotivasyon\",\"https:\/\/tr.pinterest.com\/emotivasyon\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/emotivasyon\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/emotivasyon\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/author\/emotivasyon\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory) | E-Motivasyon","description":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)... Ko\u015fullanma kuram\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131mda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cklasik ko\u015fullanma\u201d, ikincisi ise \u201cedimsel ko\u015fullanma\u201dd\u0131r.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory) | E-Motivasyon","og_description":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)... Ko\u015fullanma kuram\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131mda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cklasik ko\u015fullanma\u201d, ikincisi ise \u201cedimsel ko\u015fullanma\u201dd\u0131r.","og_url":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html\/","og_site_name":"E-Motivasyon","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon\/","article_published_time":"2008-07-12T02:31:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-04-01T20:13:42+00:00","og_image":[{"width":200,"height":200,"url":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/e-motivasyon.net_.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"E-Motivasyon","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@emotivasyon","twitter_site":"@emotivasyon","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"E-Motivasyon","Estimated reading time":"14 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html"},"author":{"name":"E-Motivasyon","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/person\/6abb0d3573b2924b2756f70b70156153"},"headline":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)","datePublished":"2008-07-12T02:31:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-01T20:13:42+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html"},"wordCount":2796,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Motivasyon Teorileri"],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html","url":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html","name":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory) | E-Motivasyon","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#website"},"datePublished":"2008-07-12T02:31:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-01T20:13:42+00:00","description":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)... Ko\u015fullanma kuram\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131mda ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi \u201cklasik ko\u015fullanma\u201d, ikincisi ise \u201cedimsel ko\u015fullanma\u201dd\u0131r.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/kosullanma-kurami-reinforcement-theory.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ana Sayfa","item":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Ko\u015fullanma Kuram\u0131 (Reinforcement Theory)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/","name":"E-Motivation","description":"Motivasyon Adresin","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#organization"},"alternateName":"E-Motivasyon","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#organization","name":"e-motivation.net","alternateName":"E-Motivasyon","url":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/e-motivasyon.net_.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/e-motivasyon.net_.png","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"e-motivasyon.net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon","https:\/\/x.com\/emotivasyon"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/person\/6abb0d3573b2924b2756f70b70156153","name":"E-Motivation","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e0f2162b1b5580c030e61aaa35cef0f7f661d0aa2c376c3f53d8cb3834c39eaa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e0f2162b1b5580c030e61aaa35cef0f7f661d0aa2c376c3f53d8cb3834c39eaa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"E-Motivasyon"},"description":"E-Motivasyon Edit\u00f6r\u00fc","sameAs":["http:\/\/e-motivasyon.net","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/emotivasyon\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/e_motivasyon\/","https:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/emotivasyon","https:\/\/tr.pinterest.com\/emotivasyon\/","https:\/\/x.com\/emotivasyon","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/emotivasyon"],"url":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/author\/emotivasyon"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13786"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-motivasyon.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}